2018年全國(guó)同等學(xué)力申碩英語(yǔ)真題Passage One
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Passage One
Under the right circumstances, choosing to spend time alone can be a huge psychological blessing. In the 1980s, the Italian journalist and author Tiziano Terzani, after many years of reporting across Asia, holed himself up in a cabin in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. “For a month I had no one to talk to except my dog Baoli,” he wrote in his book A Fortune Teller Told Me. Terzani passed the time with books, observing nature, “l(fā)istening to the winds in the trees, watching butterflies, enjoying silence.” For the first time in a long while he felt free from the unending anxieties of daily life: “At last I had time to have time.”
Terzani ’ s embrace of isolation was relatively unusual: humans have long considered solitude an inconvenience, something to avoid, a punishment, a realm of loners. Science has often associated it with negative outcomes. Freud, who linked solitude with anxiety, noted that, “ in children the first fears relating to situations are those of darkness and solitude.” John Cacioppo, a modern social neuro-scientist who has extensively studied loneliness—what he calls “chronic
perceived isolation”—contends that, beyond damaging our thinking powers, isolation can even harm our physical health. But increasingly scientists are approaching solitude as something that, when pursued by choice, can prove a therapy.
This is especially true in times of personal disorder, when the instinct is often for people to reach outside of themselves for support. “ When people are experiencing crisis it’ s not always just about you: It’ s about how you are in society,” explains Jack Fong, a sociologist at California State Polytechnic University who has studied solitude.
In other words, when people remove themselves from the social context of their lives, they are better able to see how they’re shaped by that context. Thomas Merton, a monk and writer who spent years alone, held a similar notion. “We cannot see things in perspective until we cease to hug them to our breast,”he writes in Thoughts in Solitude. “People can go for a walk or listen to music and feel that they are deeply in touch with themselves.”
11. Tiziano Terzani spent a month alone to .
A. embrace isolation B. study butterflies
C. write a book D. look after his dog
12. The word “solitude” (Para.2) is closest in meaning to “ ’’.
A. growing anxious C. being helpless
B. feeling empty D. staying alone
13. The opinions of Freud and Cacioppo are cited to show that .
A. children tend to fear darkness and solitude
B. solitude pursued by choice can be a therapy.
C. chronic isolation can harm interpersonal relations
D. solitude has long been linked with negative outcomes.
14. According to Jack Fong, the sense of personal crisis may be influenced by
.
A. an isolated lifestyle B. mental disorder
C. low self-esteem D. social context
15. The main idea of the passage is that .
A. solitude should be avoided at all costs.
B. anxieties of daily life may cause personal crisis
C. choosing to spend time alone can be a blessing
D. seeking support is useless for tackling personal crisis.
Part III Reading Comprehension Section A
Passage One
【文章介紹】
文章闡述了愛(ài)麗絲通過(guò)參加一次野外旅行的活動(dòng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)女生相比于男生，不太敢舉手和表達(dá)自己的想法。因此她提出自己看法，并建議設(shè)立了“舉手”徽章來(lái)改變這一現(xiàn)象。
12. 【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題
【解析】本題問(wèn)的是在去年的野外旅行中，是什么困擾著愛(ài)麗絲。
文章第一段主要描述了在野外旅行中，愛(ài)麗絲發(fā)現(xiàn)在導(dǎo)游發(fā)言時(shí)，男生都擠在前面積極回應(yīng)，而女生則在后面傾聽(tīng)。這一現(xiàn)象困擾著愛(ài)麗絲，因此此題選 D 項(xiàng)“女生的反應(yīng)不如男孩子積極”。
【誤項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)游對(duì)女生不禮貌”，B 項(xiàng)“男生比女生多”，C 項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)游說(shuō)話
時(shí)，男生在搗亂”，這三項(xiàng)不符合題意。
13. 【答案】C
【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題
【解析】本題問(wèn)的是女生在課程上不經(jīng)常舉手的原因是因?yàn)榕裁础?/p>
文章第二段描述了愛(ài)麗絲不舉手的緣由，第三段愛(ài)麗絲跟她媽媽討論了女生不舉手的原因：人們常常教導(dǎo)女生要文靜禮貌，男生要大膽堅(jiān)定。這造成了許多女生不舉手的現(xiàn)象。因此選 C 項(xiàng)“被教導(dǎo)要文靜禮貌”。
【誤項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“完全不知道答案”，B 項(xiàng)“不想引起太多的關(guān)注”，D 項(xiàng)“獲得的機(jī)會(huì)比男生要少”，這三項(xiàng)不符合題意。
14. 【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題
【解析】本題問(wèn)的是創(chuàng)建“舉手”徽章為了什么。
根據(jù)題干，定位到第五段，本段描述了為了獲得該徽章，女生要做的三件事，都是鼓勵(lì)女生要敢于發(fā)言，說(shuō)出自己的感受等。因此選 A 項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)女生發(fā)言”。
【誤項(xiàng)排除】B 項(xiàng)“為機(jī)構(gòu)提升女生的才能”，C 項(xiàng)“呼吁對(duì)女生更多的支持”，D項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)女生的重要性”這三項(xiàng)不符合題意。
15. 【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)題
【解析】本題問(wèn)的是“舉手” 徽章是什么。
根據(jù)文章最后一段論述，已有 5400 多名女孩獲得了“舉手”徽章。她們來(lái)自于美國(guó)的各個(gè)州，還有的來(lái)自加拿大、英國(guó)、澳大利亞和愛(ài)爾蘭。所以選 D 項(xiàng)“吸引了數(shù)以千計(jì)的女生”。
【誤項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“幫助女生成為領(lǐng)袖”，B 項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)的一些州受歡迎”，C 項(xiàng)“傳播到整個(gè)世界”，這三項(xiàng)不符合題意。
16. 【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】主旨題
【解析】本題問(wèn)的是該篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是什么。
文章主要講述了愛(ài)麗絲在野營(yíng)活動(dòng)中，注意到女生舉手反應(yīng)不如男生積極，從而探
討出其深層原因是女生應(yīng)當(dāng)要文靜禮貌，男生要大膽堅(jiān)定。但愛(ài)麗絲不認(rèn)同，覺(jué)得女生是強(qiáng)大的，其想法也是重要的，女生應(yīng)當(dāng)有相同的發(fā)言機(jī)會(huì)。于是創(chuàng)建了其團(tuán)隊(duì)及通過(guò)女童子軍組織創(chuàng)建了“舉手”徽章，鼓勵(lì)女生積極發(fā)言，該活動(dòng)贏得了全美國(guó)人的關(guān)注。所以選 B 項(xiàng)“爭(zhēng)取平等運(yùn)動(dòng)”。
【誤項(xiàng)排除】A 項(xiàng)“展示雙手”，C 選項(xiàng)“女童子軍組織”，D 項(xiàng)“新徽章的故事”，這三項(xiàng)不符合題意。
參考譯文
去年，愛(ài)麗絲·保羅·塔珀參加了一次四年級(jí)野外旅行的活動(dòng)，也就在那時(shí)，她發(fā)現(xiàn)有些事困擾著她。在導(dǎo)游發(fā)言時(shí)，女生們都站在房間后面安靜地聽(tīng)著，而男生們都擠在前面，他們舉手積極回答問(wèn)題，即使他們不知道答案。
10 歲的愛(ài)麗絲不經(jīng)常在課堂上舉手，即使她對(duì)答案很肯定。她緊張自己會(huì)出錯(cuò)并感到尷尬。在那次戶外活動(dòng)中，她覺(jué)得其他女生也很可能跟她一樣保持安靜。
愛(ài)麗絲把自己看到的告訴了媽媽。她們談?wù)摰剑?jīng)常被要求要文靜，要禮貌，然而卻鼓勵(lì)男生要大膽和堅(jiān)定。并且談?wù)摿嗽S多與此相關(guān)的的事。愛(ài)麗絲想要男生與女生都有同樣的機(jī)會(huì)。愛(ài)麗絲說(shuō)：“女孩很重要，她們的想法也很重要，人們應(yīng)該要聽(tīng)聽(tīng)女生的想法。”
愛(ài)麗絲的媽媽是華盛頓地區(qū)女童子軍的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。她和愛(ài)麗絲在之后的女童子軍會(huì)議上提出了這件事。愛(ài)麗絲發(fā)現(xiàn)她是對(duì)的。其她女孩說(shuō)她們也有時(shí)會(huì)猶豫著舉手，她們擔(dān)心這樣做會(huì)使她們?cè)谏钪凶兊梦房s不前。愛(ài)麗絲想改變這種狀況。“假如女生舉 手了，這是邁出成功的第一步?！彼f(shuō)道。
愛(ài)麗絲的團(tuán)隊(duì)決定請(qǐng)求女童子軍組織創(chuàng)建一個(gè)新的徽章。該徽章在 2017 年 10 月被采用，它叫“舉手”徽章。為了獲得該徽章，女生們需要做三件事。一是當(dāng)她知道答案，即使不能百分之百地確定，她必須在班上舉手。二是她必須招募三位女生做出同樣的承諾。三是她必須說(shuō)出她舉手時(shí)的感受。
到目前為止，已有 5400 多名女生獲得了“舉手”徽章。她們來(lái)自于美國(guó)的各個(gè)州， 還有的來(lái)自加拿大、英國(guó)、澳大利亞和愛(ài)爾蘭。“女生們非常強(qiáng)大，”愛(ài)麗絲說(shuō)。“她們應(yīng)該舉起她們的手，這樣才能釋放出她們內(nèi)在的力量?！?/p>
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